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LINK The closed mind of Richard Dawkins

“Quite apart from the substance of the idea, there is no reason to suppose that the Genesis myth to which Dawkins refers was meant literally. Coarse and tendentious atheists of the Dawkins variety prefer to overlook the vast traditions of figurative and allegorical interpretations with which believers have read Scripture. Both Augustine and before him the Jewish philosopher Philo of Alexandria explicitly cautioned against literalism in interpreting the biblical creation story. Later, in the twelfth century, Maimonides took a similar view. It was only around the time of the Reformation that the idea that the story was a factual account of events became widely held. When he maintains that Darwin's account of evolution displaced the biblical story, Dawkins is assuming that both are explanatory theories—one primitive and erroneous, the other more advanced and literally true. In treating religion as a set of factual propositions, Dawkins is mimicking Christianity at its most fundamentalist.”

skado 9 Apr 11
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35 comments

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0

Lots of people take Genesis literally! Come to the South! The Bible says it, I believe it, that settles it! I love Dawkins!

I’ve lived nowhere but Tennessee, Alabama, and Florida. Does that qualify? I’m very familiar with what the fundamentalists say. But their majority status doesn’t make them the entirety of “religion”. And it doesn’t make them right. I love Dawkins too. But he totally is a fundamentalist. The “New Atheism” of today believes that “god” is to be taken literally, just like the fundamentalists do, the only difference being that they then reject that god instead of accept it. There is little to no recognition in them that there is any other way to see the matter.

1

so how do we know which parts are an analogy and which parts are the literal word of god. Please pass on the bits that are literal......better yet.....why don't YOU re-write it so the christian world can be of one mind

The writer of this article and I, as most members of this site, are not believers in a literal god, so I don’t claim that any of the Bible is the literal word of God.

0

I love Richard Dawkins!

0

Rubbish face the facts and proof that evolution speaks for itself loud and clear

0

Ok somebody here got butthurt thinking that a book of fairy tales is real...

1

Dawkins is trying showing that fairy tales are a bunch of bs. No matter how it's written.

0

Chriistianity is too ludicrous to be fundemental

1

As to the Genesis creation stories being considered allegorical, let us consider what everybody's favorite Genesis allegoricalist, Augustine, thought about the age of the Universe. From his book City of God, book 18 (http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/120118.htm):

Chapter 40.— About the Most Mendacious Vanity of the Egyptians, in Which They Ascribe to Their Science an Antiquity of a Hundred Thousand Years.

In vain, then, do some babble with most empty presumption, saying that Egypt has understood the reckoning of the stars for more than a hundred thousand years. For in what books have they collected that number who learned letters from Isis their mistress, not much more than two thousand years ago? Varro, who has declared this, is no small authority in history, and it does not disagree with the truth of the divine books. For as it is not yet six thousand years since the first man, who is called Adam, are not those to be ridiculed rather than refuted who try to persuade us of anything regarding a space of time so different from, and contrary to, the ascertained truth? For what historian of the past should we credit more than him who has also predicted things to come which we now see fulfilled? And the very disagreement of the historians among themselves furnishes a good reason why we ought rather to believe him who does not contradict the divine history which we hold. But, on the other hand, the citizens of the impious city, scattered everywhere through the earth, when they read the most learned writers, none of whom seems to be of contemptible authority, and find them disagreeing among themselves about affairs most remote from the memory of our age, cannot find out whom they ought to trust. But we, being sustained by divine authority in the history of our religion, have no doubt that whatever is opposed to it is most false, whatever may be the case regarding other things in secular books, which, whether true or false, yield nothing of moment to our living rightly and happily.

(the "chapters" are all very short" )

Yes, Augustine was a young-earther, and most Christian and Jewish theologians were young-earthers until the last few centuries, despite many pagan philosophers believing that the Universe is much older than what one would calculate from the Bible's genealogies. In fact, some philosophers believed that the Universe is infinitely old -- eternal.

1

This seems like gotcha apologetics: "Gotcha! It's allegorical!"

Allegorical interpretation is indeed old. For instance, Plutarch, in his book "On Isis and Osiris" (46 - 120 CE), states "Therefore, Clea, whenever you hear the traditional tales which the Egyptians tell about the gods, their wanderings, dismemberments, and many experiences of this sort, you must remember what has been already said, and you must not think that any of these tales actually happened in the manner in which they are related. The facts are that they do not call the dog by the name Hermes as his proper name, but they bring into association with the most astute of their gods that animal's watchfulness and wakefulness and wisdom, since he distinguishes between what is friendly and what is hostile by his knowledge of the one and his ignorance of the other, as Plato remarks." [penelope.uchicago.edu]*/A.html

But how does one tell what's literal and what's allegorical? If something is allegorical, then what is an allegory of? The Bible does not discuss allegorical interpretation anywhere, as far as I know.

It’s allegorical of human psychology, particularly the unconscious. Religions are a collective waking dream that helps, at the species level, to process mostly unconscious conflicts.

“The Bible does not discuss allegorical interpretation anywhere, as far as I know.”

par·a·ble
/ˈperəb(ə)l/

noun
noun: parable; plural noun: parables
a simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson, as told by Jesus in the Gospels."the parable of the blind men and the elephant"

synonyms: allegory, moral story, moral tale, fable, lesson, exemplum; Haggadah; rare apologue "the parable of the prodigal son"

Origin

Middle English: from Old French parabole, from an ecclesiastical Latin sense ‘discourse, allegory’ of Latin parabola ‘comparison’, from Greek parabolē (see parabola).

Strong's Bible Concordance reports that the word "parable" appears in the Bible some two thousand four hundred fifty seven times, at least one of which strikes me as being of particular interest to this conversation:
Matthew 13:34 (King James Version)
"All these things spake Jesus unto the multitude in parables; and without a parable spake he not unto them."
 
Perhaps it would not be far off the mark to assume the entire Bible is parable, or allegory.

3

Dawkins does not ‘assume,’ ...you lost me there. The Science was not replaced, religious teachings were overridden is how I take that.

3

I always figured Dawkins was critiquing Religion as currently (for the past 500 years or so) practiced, not as Augustine or Philo may have considered it. When he, or anyone else for that matter, denigrates Religion as an institution, it’s irrelevant whether Genesis is considered to be literal or figurative. It’s the basic function and purpose of religion that cause the problems, not the details of the dogma of its adherents. Saying that Dawkins has a closed mind entirely misses the point.

4

The author makes Darwin's case, and then attacks his person, ascribing motives that are of no consequence of Dawkin's writings.

3

What a waste of intelligence.

This is the same shit thrown at Sam Harris. His response is, "The majority of believers do believe the stories are literal. I am only responding to those believers who say they believe."

4

People like dawkins can back up their lectures with proof....based on actual evidence.....show me one shred of evidence to back up any evidence relating to that fairy story book nutters call the bible

1

The Genesis Story is required for Christian dogma insofar as it describes the generation of Original Sin which is the reason for the human sacrifice; it is Adam and Eve's sin that Jesus propitiates. If you say it's a myth, you don't need the crucifixion.

Moreover, there is a passage wherein Jesus references Moses and Adam in the same breath, not something one would do if one was real and the other allegorical. The claim that Genesis is allegorical is pure dodge.

It is the height of irony that we may now say with certainty that none of the three, Moses, Adam and Jesus, are fictional characters.

No contemporaneous documentation nor any other sort of evidence. But we do have extensive evidence in hand that the stories were re-purposed plagiarisms.

1

I was reading Daniel C Dennett when I was in grade school. I didn't know until years later that he is an atheist. I wonder if that had something to do with my lack of belief and always questioning religion. I just know I couldn't make myself swallow the garbage the fundies were peddling. I could never get past the concept of original sin.

4

More attacks from the same old areas. Why don't these publications, sometimes right wing, sometimes regressive left, pick on the truly bigoted close minds that run the world.

Attacking prominent atheists will not undermine this growing movement. Give it up.

3

started reading but then found myself examining my navel & noticed a tiny amount of lint...

4

From what we have been seeing many of the evangelical Christians today talk about the literal statements from(a) bible - there are several versions. I am sure not all atheist agree on some of the finer points but we all agree all religious teachings are crap and only pollute ones mind. Dawkins is human and so can be prone to mistakes but my question would be how much conflict of interests are involved. Religion has a massive conflict of interest but there is usually little gain in helping people let go of myths. Looking at some of the links I suspect Gray is a stealth religionist. Denigrating science and glorifying religion shows that.

5

Just because some highly educated Jewish and Christian thinkers didn't take the myths seriously doesn't mean that the ordinary priests didn't inculcate such superstitious myths into the common people.

2

well, it is interesting to know that the bible's original readers (or hearers) were not encouraged to take genesis literally, but as for dawkins, i had been an atheist for nine years when his first book came out, so he had no influence on me one way or the other, and still doesn't.

g

Ditto.

1

Augustine argued that the world was flat because the bible says so. He even said if there in fact were people walking (upside down!) on the underside of the earth, they were not sons of Adam anyway, and therefore not really people. It's hard to imagine a more literal reading of the bible.

If we are to read the bible as literature, and not think Jesus literally rose from the dead, or was literally the son of a literal god, or necessarily literally existed, etc., I'm fine with that. That's how I've been reading it for decades anyway.

It DOES make for fairly entertaining fable, if read as fiction, doesn't it?

@TheMiddleWay Are you quote mining on purpose? You even deleted the part after "accepted by scholars" that says "[who?]", and then dropped the very next line, "That view has been challenged:"

Then you conveniently left out...

"[Augustine] was familiar with the Greek theory of a spherical Earth, nevertheless, (following in the footsteps of his fellow North African, Lactantius), he was firmly convinced that the Earth was flat, was one of the two biggest bodies in existence and that it lay at the bottom of the universe. Apparently Augustine saw this picture as more useful for scriptural exegesis than the global Earth at the centre of an immense universe.[89]"

Moreover, you skip the entirety of the lengthy quote directly from Augustine that supports everything I just said and more:

"But as to the fable that there are Antipodes, that is to say, men on the opposite side of the Earth, where the sun rises when it sets to us, men who walk with their feet opposite ours that is on no ground credible. And, indeed, it is not affirmed that this has been learned by historical knowledge, but by scientific conjecture, on the ground that the Earth is suspended within the concavity of the sky, and that it has as much room on the one side of it as on the other: hence they say that the part that is beneath must also be inhabited. But they do not remark that, although it be supposed or scientifically demonstrated that the world is of a round and spherical form, yet it does not follow that the other side of the Earth is bare of water; nor even, though it be bare, does it immediately follow that it is peopled. For Scripture, which proves the truth of its historical statements by the accomplishment of its prophecies, gives no false information; and it is too absurd to say, that some men might have taken ship and traversed the whole wide ocean, and crossed from this side of the world to the other, and that thus even the inhabitants of that distant region are descended from that one first man.[86]"

Why would you skip all the salient points to give the impression that Augustine thought the earth was round, and not flat, as the bible says because the bible "gives no false information"?

@TheMiddleWay Perhaps the passage is too difficult for you to read. "Supposed" means people SUPPOSE the earth is round, and SUPPOSE it is scientifically demonstrated. The entire passage is an argument for a flat earth and against a round earth as a round earth cannot be suspended in the concavity of the sky. The "concavity" of the sky is the firmament dome described in Genesis that fits over the flat earth. Augustine is saying it is absurd to believe a round earth is suspended in that dome. Rather, the dome is covering the flat earth, and the flat earth is at the bottom the dome, as described in genesis.

The bible describes the four corners of the earth (that's where the phrase comes from), says the entire earth can be seen from high places, that all eyes will see Jesus come down from heaven, that an angel can stand on east, that the solid firmament has "floodgates" to let down precipitation, that god set the pillars of the earth to hold up the earth, etc.

The book of Enoch goes into even more heavily.

@TheMiddleWay I am curious. What is it you think the first sentence means?

"But as to the fable that there are Antipodes, that is to say, men on the opposite side of the Earth, where the sun rises when it sets to us, men who walk with their feet opposite ours that is on no ground credible. "

@TheMiddleWay He doesn't believe people live on the other side of the earth because believing such would entail accepting a round earth where you could sail to the other side, and walk around upside down. He calls this idea a "fable", and he calls the possibility of a round earth "scientific conjecture" that there would be as much room on one side as on the other.

He is certainly hedging his bets, but the entire passage denigrates the idea of a round earth, the idea that there is something "where the sun rises where it sets to us", etc. To read it any other way is simply obstinance.

@TheMiddleWay I don't think scholars are in the habit of quote mining and altering quotes "[who?]" to make it appear they exist. It's also baffling why a lengthy passage of Augustine's spherical earth theory is pasted right in the middle of the "flat earth" wikipedia page. Weird! (If those scholars are walking around upside down on the other side of the earth, they don't count anyway.)

1

When fundie's don't believe catholics are even christian there's some serious translation problems in religion. Batshit crazy is what they all are.

Well, Catholics, at least, don't take the bible 100% literally. Like they don't think there was a literal garden if eden, for instance. At least I don't THINK so. It's been a while. Like 55 years or so. But that's SOMETHING, anyway. They DO buy into the gist if it, though. Most of it.

@Storm1752 Correct. I attended a catholic college and came out an atheist 🙂 When they don't have an answer they aren't afraid to say so. At least not in college classes. Seems to be different in the church.

1

You mean they think Moses didn't exist? Wow. I had no idea.

@TheAstroChuck Interesting...

@TheAstroChuck a bit like, there may have been a Robin of Loxley, but no dude called Robin Hood in green tights and merry men and his squeaze called Maid Marion in Sherwood Forest, eh? At least most people know that's a fable.

2

This is the same old "atheism is another religion" argument. I am narrow minded, apparently, because of my inability to take the ridiculous with the undue seriousness with which they embrace it.

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