So far, the large and expanding body of research on meditation has mostly focused on the putative benefits of meditation on health and well-being. However, a growing number of reports indicate that psychologically unpleasant experiences can occur in the context of meditation practice.
I work in mental health and it has long been recognised that it is not at all recommended for those who dissociate. Those suffering trauma may well be more likely to turn to meditation as a natural remedy but it can bring up traumatic experiences before people are ready. I prefer mindfulness......you can do it with your eyes open and stay grounded in the present.
Just at a quick glance through the paper the question is loaded with a bias toward negative experience. A more effective question would be to rate from 1-5 on a Likert scale unpleasant to pleasant experience.
I also don’t see any accommodation for those participants who may be taking medications and what the medications may be as this could create a psychopathological intervention.
Could it be that through meditation, insights might arise from the subconscious mind, insights that challenge one’s world view, leading to tension or fear?
The very same effect might occur from reading a book, watching a movie, or taking a college course.
Maybe a certain amount of temporary unpleasantness is a good thing. It might be a sign that we are being prodded into contemplation, thereby growing and advancing.