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The best book so far about the relationship of science and religion is Ian Barbour's "When Science Meets Religion: Enemies, Strangers, or Partners?"

Concerning the "New atheists" who have pushed the conflict scenario (the other three being "independence, dialogue and integration" ) the author writes:
"...these authors have failed to distinguish between scientific and philosophical questions. Scientists, in their popular writings, tend to invoke the authority of science for ideas that are not really part of science itself. Theism and materialism are alternative belief systems, each claiming to encompass all reality. In their epistemology, these authors assume that the scientific method is the only reliable source of knowledge—an assumption sometimes referred to by its critics as scientism."

He then makes clear
"...that the concept of God is not a hypothesis formulated to explain the relation between particular events in the world in competition with scientific hypotheses. Belief in God is primarily a commitment to a way of life in response to
distinctive kinds of religious experience in communities formed by historic traditions; it is not a substitute for scientific research
.

"In their metaphysics, these authors have extended
cientific concepts beyond their scientific use to support comprehensive materialistic philosophies. The identification of the real with measurable properties that can be correlated by exact mathematical relationships started in the physical sciences but influenced sciences in other fields
.“

The conclusion he makes is:
"Theism, in short, is not inherently in conflict with science, but it does conflict with a metaphysics of materialism."

I'd say that the key word in this sentence is "inherently". It depends, as usual, on how theism is conceptualized. If the deity is conceived more as a "ground of being" or "creator of the cosmic order" than "daddy in heaven" there is no obstacle for a dialogue or even integration of science and religion.

Matias 8 Oct 10
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2 comments

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I agree fully with Barbour’s conclusion. The real dichotomy is not between science and religion. It is between courageous and open-minded seekers of truth and those who cling to narrow perspectives founded either on religious dogma or scientism. Those who pit science against religion have limited awareness of both IMO, and are wearing dark glasses to protect themselves from the glare of stark reality and our fundamental ignorance.

Einstein said at times that he was an atheist. Obviously he was not religious in a traditional dogmatic way. Yet he wrote this:

“Try and penetrate with our limited means the secrets of nature and you will find that, behind all the discernible concatenations, there remains something subtle, intangible and inexplicable. Veneration for this force beyond anything that we can comprehend is my religion. To that extent I am, in point of fact, religious.”

0

The only problem with this viewpoint is that a lot of religious entities do take a literal interpretation of their religion and that does put it at odds with science and reality.

Scientific progress has made countless changes and improvements in the standards of living for the human race, and science as a way of thinking leads to greater knowledge and understanding than blind faith. I can see no reason why science can not determine what people need, not just physically as it has already largely done, but also psychologically, perhaps even getting to the core of purpose itself.

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