Glassmaking in early Umayyad Spain.
[sciencythoughts.blogspot.com]
The processes of innovation and transfer of skills are fundamental concerns in the study of past technologies. The advent of ancient technologies and the adoption of new ones are often explained by analogy to evolutionary theory. Mutation of technological traditions and innovation are often recognised during major transitional periods and cross-cultural contacts as a result of complex sociohistorical scenarios. Thus, the transformation of ancient technologies into medieval technologies may be seen as a direct consequence of wider geoeconomic and social processes leading to what would become the medieval world system. The principal changes in the primary production of glass during the early Middle Ages was the introduction of plant ash to replace mineral soda as the fluxing agent, along with the concurrent decentralization and multiplication of primary glassmaking installations that operated on a significantly smaller scale. This transition took place simultaneously in Carolingian Europe and the Islamic Mediterranean and may be related to the formation of cultural identities.
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Posted by TriphidIndigenous Australian Aboriginal Rock art dated somewhere between 20 and 30 thousand years old.
Posted by TriphidIndigenous Australian Aboriginal Rock art dated somewhere between 20 and 30 thousand years old.
Posted by TriphidIndigenous Australian Aboriginal Rock art dated somewhere between 20 and 30 thousand years old.
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