Someone complaining about Richard Dawkins' position on god(s) writes, "The hypothesis of whether there is or isn't a god simply can't be addressed with science."
Flyingsaucesir replies:
True, but the lack of evidence of a deity is so...how can I put it it...so pervasive, so universal, so lasting, that his/her/its existence can reasonably assumed to be highly (extremely) unlikely. The probability of god's existence is so vanishingly small that reasonable people are safe in calling themselves atheists. When we add in the known human tendency to invent gods, demigods, angels, devils, ghosts, spirits, etcetera, and the modern neurological explanation for what some call "religious experience," and the state of the world and god's failure to alleviate suffering, the case becomes overwhelming: there is no god. It is not necessary to prove the position scientifically. The difference between vanishingly small and zero is is not unimportant, but neither is it an impediment to rational decision-making.
I like how some religions try to keep up with new discoveries and re-invent what was actually meant in their holy scriptures to keep in the loop. So even if science can't prove there is no god it certainly has the power to redefine what god was saying. Science is more influential then any god.
The other way out of that particular thicket is just to hold no belief either way, because the reason science can't address it is that the Abrahamic god and heaven are non-falsifiable. Science does not need to address it; one just doesn't believe or disbelieve the unsubstantiatable. I think Dawkin's problem is active disbelief that isn't, technically, logically supportable. But as Flyingsaucesir points out, the distinction, while philosophically significant, has no impact on one's rational response to the probability of god's existence.
I'm not sure there is a difference between active disbelief, or even militant disbelief, and simple lack of belief. In other words, active disbelief is not belief in nonexistence. Rather, it is vociferous withholding of belief. It has been so long since I read Dawkins that I cannot remember his precise position on this. Speaking for myself, my active, at times militant disbelief is in celebration of the human logical faculty and freedom to choose rationality over superstition.
That’s right. Science can and does address the issue from the position of what is known about human nature. We are evolved to create and believe in gods. If we are wise, we will neither take those beliefs to be literal facts, nor abandon the wisdom expressed in the metaphor.
I don't think it is justified to assign a probability to an unfalsifiable claim like "God doesn't exist". I think it is unreasonable to believe in God, because it is special pleading if you don't also believe in an infinite number of other things. We should use Occam's razor and so on, but that doesn't make it more or less likely. If you say it is more probable that God doesn't exist then you take on the burden of proof for this claim, which is in my view a losing position.
If we look both ways before crossing the street and see no bus coming, we have not proved that there is no bus. There could be a bus but our eyes or our mind might deceive us. Or there might be a new kind of bus that is stealthier than those we are used to. In looking, all we do is determine the probability that there is/is not a bus. And then we step off the curb and into the crosswalk. We trust our very lives to this assessment of probability. It is no small thing.
@Flyingsaucesir
But we know that buses exist from our experience. In that case you can also assign a probability if you know how many buses there are and how frequent they drive by. That is not the case with the god-claim. You have no prior experience either way that justifies a probability.
@Dietl
We have the human propensity for inventing gods, the biological basis for the religious experience, the suffering of innocents, AND a complete lack of independently-verifiable evidence of existence. I think this is sufficient information for the individual to make a determination of probability. If that turns out to be one in ten or one in a billion, that's alright. As long as the probability is not zero, one is on solid ground. One does not take on any special responsibility for proving anything. It is simply a judgement call, the kind we make every day when we cross the street.
@Dietl
By the way, about special pleading: we only have one proposition before us at the moment. If we render a judgement on the likelihood of that one thing, we are not automatically responsible for rendering judgements on something else. We can take everything on a case-by-case basis. For instance, if you want to talk extraterrestrial species, then we can roll out the Drake equation and roughly calculate their existence without considering a host of other things.
Regarding your first comment. It seems to me that you are arguing that the probability of a god existing or not existing depends on what you and I think or evolved to think. Like if you flipped a coin and evolved to prefer heads, would you say that somehow influences the coinflip? I hope this seems as ridiculous to you as it does to me. Please tell me if I'm mischaracterizing your comment.
About my argument using special pleading: What I wanted to point out was that if you believe one thing without evidence you have no justification not to also believe in another thing.It's just one argument that you can ignore if you want, that's not unreasonable. But there is a difference between aliens and gods. The alien claim is falsifiable. We can make predictions about what we would have to find in case aliens exist on a planet, which we can test. Also we know about one instance of life evolving on a planet: Earth. So we are safe to assume that life potentialy evolved elsewhere. We have nothing of that sort for the god claim.