Just how does electricity conduct in a vacuum where only a few particles exist per cubic meter?

@racocn8

Good question. You are at a “door” to a very large laboratory. Here’s some info.

In the 1930s, Hannes Alfvén proposed that the Milky Way contained a large-scale magnetic field, so cosmic rays (charged particles) could move in spiral orbits along its arms. His contention was that, if plasma were a fundamental component of the galaxy, the plasma would facilitate a flow of electric charge, and thus the magnetic field would arise.

Since it was “known” at the time that space was a vacuum, cosmic electromagnetic forces and particle beams were considered nonexistent by conventional astrophysicists.

Today, astronomers continue to ponder how magnetic fields are generated around stars and galaxies. They still do not know what gives those fields their shape and their strength. Most astronomers believe that galaxies are gravitationally bound clouds of hydrogen gas and dust that coalesced over millions (if not billions) of years, so electricity as a formative and continuously active agent escapes their notice.