Language shapes how you think. And it's a great thought exercise to design languages -- there are university programs to teach exactly that.
J.R.R. Tolkien's studies on different cultures and created languages is very interesting for how he approached his 'world' creation.

On a loosely related note, I highly recommend Samuel R. Delany's 1966 Nebula Award(best science fiction novel of the year) winning novel -- Babel-17 -- as a quick light classic read.
The plot centers around a code breaker in an interstellar war who discovers that the assignment she's been given is not an enemy code but rather a language that affects the thought patterns of users.