Bounomys ulantatalensis: Four new specimens of a Comb Rat from the Early Oligocene of Inner Mongolia.
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Ctenodactyloids, or Comb Rats are a group of Rodents found today only in Africa. They are characterised by the combination of a protrogomorphous or hystricomorphous skull and a sciurognathous mandible. The earliest known Ctenodactyloid Rodent is Cocomys, reported from China during the Early Eocene, and Ctenodactyloids were widely distributed in East and Central Asia during the Eocene and Oligocene. The four genera of living Ctenodactyloids are restricted to areas in North and East Africa. The many known Palaeogene Ctenodactyloids are based on fragmentary specimens, while only fragmentary skulls are known for Tataromys, Yindirtemys and Bounomys in Oligocene Ctenodactyloids, which provide only limited information.