An answer to theists who say "Without religion where are your morals?"
I recently asked a question on here about our views on capital punishment
[agnostic.com]
The results were not unsuprisingly mostly anti. 25 against 14 pro 6 don't know. If we were all amoral it would all pro. After all why keep someone in prison at our expense when its cheaper to kill them and if the odd innocent man is executed then even that would be no great loss to society? Even the pros came out with very strong moral arguments.
Similarly there are many things in our society that we have changed. Slavery, corporal punishment, child marriage and execution for adulterers to name but a few. These have not been bible driven. They have been secular ideas adopted by christians as just plain right. The religious cherry pick their morality from "The good book" and say that its gods will. When in fact it is society and their own good conscience that forced them to rethink old values. The oft quoted "golden rule" is not exclusive to christianity. Apart from Leviticus in Judaism it appears in the writings of Confucius and many other scholars in some form or other throughout history. Similarly there are many still lingering religious values that we find morally abhorrent. The ostracizing of lgbtq community ("Does your god love all his children or just the straight ones?" ) and do not get me started on Islam.* It will be us, not the religious that has and will change these attitudes not those who have a fixed view.
The choice can put be as simple as this. The USA has a written constitution the UK has not. Whereas the US can interpret those rules or even amend them the UK is more fluid and evolutionary. The results are that the US is stuck with thoughts from the 18th century and trying to adapt them to the 21st. However brilliant those men were they could not foresee all that might occur. For example the 2nd amendment. Now I have no desire to get into the gun control debate here but I will ask even the most vernment NRA supporters. "If you could go back in time would you have put that in? You have a choice of a society with guns or one without. Which would you go for?" Similarly we as atheist or agnostic are not bound by edicts from centuries ago but use our own moral compass to guide us.
*Islam may not be part of our western rules and laws but it is "god driven". The infighting and atrocities carried out in its name. The rigid adherence to strict laws. l are very similar to those perpetrated by christianity in the 14th & 15th centuries. It is just that we have had 7 hundred years or so of secular thought to get it right.
In my experience, religion has been used to justify things that are wrong. They justify mistreating others because they violated some commandment or another. In some cases, it's extreme, such as imprisonment or execution. In most cases, it's social shaming, emotional abuse, etc. If you can say God said something is wrong, you don't have to make a logical argument for it.
it is actually cheaper to keep someone in prison than to kill that person, since killing the person involves (as it should, considering the irreversibility of the punishment) numerous appeals as WELL as keepiong that person in prison.
as for morals, i have been told i can't be a truly good person because being good is my own idea and therefore selfish, whereas a christian (as if christianity is the only religion in the world!) does it for god or for jesus. to me that's bass-ackward. of course it's better to be good because you want to be good and not because you want favor or fear punishment!
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"... Now I have no desire to get into the gun control debate here..." But then you do get into the gun control debate.
"but I will ask even the most vernment NRA supporters. "If you could go back in time would you have put that in? You have a choice of a society with guns or one without." Note that a guns rights advocate is not necessarily synonymous with an "NRA supporter".
I wonder if the Jews and others would have opted for guns in their society if they had the opportunity to go back to the 1930's Germany.
The current "problem" with guns in our society is a media distortion that ignores the reality of the other, more likely causes of death (medical mistakes, drug overdoses, car crashes, etc.) in favor of sensationalism and demagoguery.
Here is a more logical view of the "gun problem": [jpfo.org]
Again "No desire" I merely used that part of the constitution as something that may with hindsight be wrong. There is an old joke about someone asking for directions in Ireland. "Well if I were you? I would not have started from here." If I lived in the US I probably would own a gun. I would not want to or like to but I would deem it a necessary evil. Then again I do not start from there.
As for jews being armed in 30s Germany. The same gun laws existed then in the US as now. It did not stop lynchings in the south. Also by the same logic it would have been handy for the sioux to have had nuclear weapons.
Morality says that there are hard written codes of good and evil.
Ethics would be a better word after you get free from dogmas.
Ethics would look for rules that brings society to a desired place. Se I didn't say good or better place, but a desired place.
It is all about what kind of world you want to build, and then you write your ethics code on it and try to shape society around you with the goal of multiply your ethic code.
So in a certain way we are all the time trying to impose our view of world every time that we want to create, abolish or change a law. Recognize it is important for the discussion, every rule have a desired model of society, even label it as better or not is irrelevant.
The "wrong" here is tell that your vision is superior to the others because is based on a book written by bronze and classical ages tribes in the extended middle east.
Perhaps ethics may be a better word but morals is the one chosen by theists, so that is what I used. We as non-believers have our own moral code, undefined by dogma. You may call it ethics if you wish but the results are the same. The members of this site who voted in my poll did so on what they described as moral grounds.
@273kelvin The words are used as synonymous but they are not.
Moral is based on a universal sense of truth.
Ethics is based on what gives good results.
In the end is the discussion between utilitarianism and deontology,
Moral is deontologist it claims to know what is right and will do it whatever the results, and will never change
Ethics is utilitarian, it has an objective and will act in the way of achieving it, and will change if it demonstrates inefficient.
@Pedrohbds By your definition euthanasia, eugenics, and capital punishment are all ethically sound and efficient ways to go. If someone is unemployed for a period of time, a residual offender or a drain on society by being old or infirm. Then off to the soylent green farm they go. Morally we take the view that life whilst not being sacred is precious and cannot be taken for convenience sake.
@273kelvin
No it is not true, this is a scarecrow argument against utilitarianism.
One can argue that what is the point of building a society of abundance if you are always afraid of being considered deviant and be casted out by those mechanisms you cited?
As I argued in the linked post, if you are to base your society in human rights, and the objective is to expand them, you can use utilitarianism for that.
You restrain your natural right to fight (and even kill) to get something that you want, for maximizing the human rights of property, dignity, life, not be harmed etc.
This way of thinking is the right use of utilitarian tools.
You must first foresee where you want to go. That is what society votes when they build a constitution. The constitution is the society view, the laws, codes and regulations are the tools and the rules that limit our natural freedoms (for example use all your resources freely against give some part to the state in the shape of taxes) in the name of achieving the desired society described on the constitution.
@Pedrohbds The first part of your comment is almost de facto the case. Over 1% of the US population is under lock and key and felons are disenfranchised upon release. Would it not be ethically more efficient to implement a final solution?
Human rights are unalienable therefore a moral rather than (in your definition) an ethical concept..As is a written constitution.
If as you claim we act in our own long term interests by only adopting laws and rules that limit freedoms that will benefit us all as a whole? How do explain the abolition of slavery in the UK and empire in the 1830s? As the 1st major power to do this (a generation before the land of the free). This was not in our best interests economically, far from it. Yet moral arguments thankfully won the day. Lincoln of course had a war to win and therefore other justifications.
@273kelvin
Yes, correct, they were not seen officially as people, but when other people start seeing them as equal humans, enslavement becomes unacceptable, and the abolitionist movements start.
@TheMiddleWay
But when we talk about state and relations citizen to citizen, we can't impose morality, but we can demand ethics. So Morality you keep for your inner circle or for your own conduct, but you can demand ethics (at least the average consensus ethics) from others.
@Pedrohbds, @TheMiddleWay I suppose this is more morals the ethics.
A boy asks his father "Dad what are business ethics?"
"I am glad you asked that son. Let me put it this way. A lady comes into my shop and buys something for $20, hands me the note then walks quickly out. When I get to the till I find that its 2 20s stuck together. I then you have a question of business ethics"
"What should you run after her and give her the $20 back?"
"No do I tell my partner?"
Insisting that all morality is because of a deity seems to be an important denial mechanism.